A recent extensive global study suggests that following a vegetarian diet can reduce the risk of developing five types of cancer by nearly one-third. Researchers from Oxford University discovered that individuals who consume a vegetarian diet have a 21% lower risk of pancreatic cancer, a 9% lower risk of breast cancer, a 12% reduced risk of prostate cancer, a 28% lower risk of kidney cancer, and a 31% lower risk of multiple myeloma compared to meat eaters. However, the study also noted that vegans had a higher risk of bowel cancer.

The study, published in the British Journal of Cancer, analyzed data from multiple studies worldwide, with a significant number of participants from the UK and US. The study included 1.64 million meat eaters, 57,016 poultry eaters, 42,910 pescatarians, 63,147 vegetarians, and 8,849 vegans.

Lead researcher Aurora Perez Cornago highlighted that vegetarians tend to consume more fruits, vegetables, and fiber while avoiding processed meats, which may contribute to the reduced cancer risks observed. It is well-known that processed meats like ham and bacon are linked to an increased risk of bowel cancer, while red meats like beef and lamb also pose risks. In contrast, white meats such as chicken and turkey have not shown the same associations.

Co-investigator Tim Key pointed out that the differences in cancer risk between vegetarians and meat eaters are likely more related to meat consumption itself rather than just the overall healthier food choices of vegetarians. Dr. Helen Croker from the World Cancer Research Fund International advised building meals around whole grains, pulses, fruits, and vegetables while limiting red and processed meat intake to reduce cancer risks.

The study, funded by the World Cancer Research Fund, examined 17 different types of cancers and considered factors like body mass index. Researchers found that vegans had a higher risk of bowel cancer possibly due to inadequate calcium intake.

While vegetarians had a higher risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared to meat eaters, the study highlighted that this could be linked to lower intakes of specific nutrients typically found in animal products. Amy Hirst from Cancer Research UK emphasized the importance of maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and protein sources while minimizing consumption of processed and red meats, alcohol, and high-fat, high-salt, and high-sugar foods.